How a bill becomes law in Aotearoa New Zealand
A simple overview of the journey from an idea to an official Act of Parliament.
Idea becomes a bill
Most bills start with government ministers, though any MP can propose one. The idea is drafted into legal wording and prepared for Parliament.
First reading
MPs debate what the bill does and why it matters, then vote. If it passes, it goes to a select committee.
Select committee
MPs examine the bill in detail and the public can have their say through submissions. The committee may propose changes and reports back.
Second reading
MPs debate the bill again with the committee’s recommendations included. A further vote decides if it continues.
Committee of the whole House
All MPs debate the bill section by section and vote on detailed wording changes.
Third reading
A final debate is held. If a majority votes in favour, the bill has passed Parliament.
Royal assent
The Governor-General signs the bill on behalf of the King. It officially becomes law.
Why it matters
Laws shape our everyday lives, from our homes and schools to workplaces and communities. Understanding how laws are made helps us take part, ask questions, and speak up when something needs to change.